In order to accomplish its task, a Stripe actuator must be secured to a solid surface. Of the three approaches — gluing, soldering, and clamping — the overall best approach usually is gluing. An epoxy or acrylate glue will provide a strong, flexible, non-conducting bond. The flexible nature of a glue bond usually eliminates the possibility of vibration-induced fatigue during long-term operation. When needed, glues are available that can be used at temperatures exceeding 150°C. Such temperatures will encompass the recommended operating limit for almost any piezoelectric ceramic material. Be aware, however, that high temperature programs needed to set some glues could affect the piezoelectric characteristics of the actuator. Compare the Curie point and recommended maximum operating temperature of the ceramic with the curing temperature of the glue; if there is overlap, contact the glue manufacturer about the feasibility of prolonging the curing time at a lower temperature — or use another glue.
Soldering is a less reliable means of securing a ceramic element because, over time, vibrations in the ceramic can cause the bond to fail. Also, the high temperatures associated with soldering must be applied carefully to a ceramic element — the Curie point of a polarized ceramic can be well below the temperature of hot solder. On the other hand, a soldered connection is electrically conductive and, in some situations, this characteristic might be needed.
The following general soldering procedure can be adapted for securing a Stripe actuator into place (See APC’s Stripe Actuator Lead Connection Examples for information on lead placement). To minimize the effects of heat on the piezoelectric properties of the ceramic, always keep the soldering time as short as possible (3 seconds or less is ideal). This procedure also is appropriate for making electrical connections — when soldering electrical connections to a Stripe actuator, or any other APCI piezoelectric ceramic element, follow these recommendations (type of solder and flux to be used, etc.).
